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世界主教會議簡報(二):女性和平信徒、聆聽所有人

10月4日,聖方濟各紀念日。世界主教會議於當天上午舉行了第二場全體大會,與會者祝賀教宗的主保瞻禮。之後與會者聆聽了5個語言桌的報告,36人自由發言。

October 8, 2024
in Chinese, News, Vatican
世界主教會議會場 (VATICAN MEDIA Divisione Foto)

(梵蒂岡新聞網)

10 月 4 日聖方濟各瞻禮,世界主教會議與會者向教宗和所有名叫方濟各的人祝賀主保快樂,第二場大會在這個氛圍中開始。351位成員出席,他們聆聽了5個不同語言桌作的報告,提出的共同問題包括關於同道偕行的概念,它“不是一種技巧,而是一種型態”,以及女性的角色、平信徒的臨在、“積極”聆聽“不符合教會準則的人”。

在梵蒂岡新聞室舉行的每日簡報會上,聖座傳播部部長魯菲尼(Paolo Ruffini)和世界主教會議信息委員會秘書皮雷斯(Sheila Pires)女士匯報了各小組發言人的內容。在這些發言中表示,“在一個孤兒的世界中”,教會能體現出“那些沒有家庭的人的家庭”。

並非所有的神恩都必須是職務

他們尤其提到,當天上午在保祿六世大廳多次呈現“教會作為基督的奧體的圖像,這個奧體匯集了許多肢體,也就是許多職務和神恩,卻是在一個奧體內”。在這層意義上,也探討了女性和平信徒的角色這個主題。有人說將神恩“區分是必要的,所有的神恩都很重要,但並非所有的神恩都必然是職務”。

女性的角色和貢獻

發言人們表示,有些小組重申“聖洗聖事賦予每位信徒同樣的尊嚴”,而關於女性領受聖秩的問題,則要求“對某些職務進行深入研究,例如‘慰藉的職務’”,以及“不要忽略女性在過去和現在作出的貢獻”。

世界主教會議的成員強烈要求“所有受洗者都有同等的尊嚴和對教會的共同責任”。在此基礎上,才能論述“讓女性、平信徒和青年參與教會生活的決策進程”。

平信徒和教會的語言

一些語言桌指出,在《工作文件》的幾處很少提及平信徒,作為“家庭教會”的家庭也很少被提到。地方教會與文化的關係也需要深化,因為每個地方教會都是由一種文化打造出來的,儘管教會保持了自身的認同。在這方面,也提到了語言的問題,要求語言應“簡單”,也應改變“一些以歐洲為中心和西方觀點所產生的表達形式”。

自由發言超過30個

魯菲尼部長解釋,在全體大會上作了5個報告後,開始自由發言。在36位成員的發言中,談到平信徒的重要性,因為“教會的未來和未來的教會”取決於他們的“生命力”。談到女性問題,有人提出“女性只被視為一個慰藉者,而不是一個能宣講的人,或者不能成為一個機構的負責人”。也有人重提女性傳教士的例子,以及“有些女性感覺蒙天主的召叫,她們要求受到祝聖”。

對話與聆聽

在自由發言中重申了“發揚同道偕行精神的重要性,即積極聆聽、親近、無偏見地給予支持,即使是與我們不同的人、讓我們感到不自在的人”。主教會議的男女成員表示,“我們聆聽別人,不是要了解他們是否足夠聰明或是與我們一致,而是從那些說話的人身上看到我能學習的要素”。有些人要求與不同的文化、哲學、宗教進行更多的對話。“我們需要尊重和認同他人,因為這能使天主子民團結在一起”。

在禮儀中“擴展空間”

發言中也提到教權主義,強調“在教會內沒有主人和臣民,老師只有一個,我們都是弟兄姐妹”。魯菲尼也凸出了禮儀的主題,他說禮儀能成為“同道偕行的鏡子”。有人說“司鐸主持禮儀,但不是唯一的主祭者”。有人提議,“在世界主教會議成員下次共同參與的禮儀中,能夠 ‘擴展帳幕的空間’”。

簡報會上的發言人

在當天的簡報會上邀請了4位賓客,他們是:摩洛哥拉巴特的總主教兼北非地區主教團主席洛佩斯(Cristóbal López Romero)樞機、大洋洲主教團聯合會(Fcbco)主席蘭達佐(Antony Randazzo)主教、法國楠泰爾的魯熱(Matthieu Rougé)主教,以及尼加拉瓜的巴利亞達雷斯(Xiskya Lucia Valladares Paguaga)修女。

教區、國家和大洲的經驗

四位發言人都從各自的環境,即堂區、教區、國家、大洲敘述了同道偕行的經驗。洛佩斯樞機首先講述了他在非洲的經驗;魯熱主教則談到他的教區對這次會議的熱情,以及與會者們的心情。他說,“每個人都帶著疑惑和恐懼的心情來到這裡,之後藉著在聖神內交談的方法,我們有了深刻的靈性經驗”。教宗的這句話有很大的幫助,他說“世界主教會議不是一個議會”。

大洋洲國家的脆弱

蘭達佐主教談到大洋洲的廣闊天地,它是“地球上一片廣泛的區域”,但也“脆弱”,人們有時感到被遺棄。主教譴責發達國家的某種“貪婪”,它們為了獲得金屬、珍貴資源和樹木,要求與貧窮和脆弱的國家達成協議並讓它們妥協。因此,自然資源遭到破壞,整個團體都在受苦。看看大洋洲海域的移民,他們前往較穩定的國家,“因為海平面上升、島嶼下沉,他們不得不離開家園”。

“真正的醜惡”是排斥女性

蘭達佐主教強調,與“持續多年”的女性祝聖有關的問題,“也只是一小撮人以西方世界的聲音固執於此”。真正的“醜惡”是“女性在教會中經常被忽視”,或者更糟糕的是,“她們被置於邊緣,成為暴力,甚至家暴的受害者,被排除在工作環境之外”:“這是相反福音的醜惡!”

數字使命的重要性

巴利亞達雷斯修女則強調了在新科技和人工智能的時代,不斷變化的數字傳教工作的迫切性,就如“實體”傳教也會改變那樣。她說,正是在這些網路的街道上,數字傳教士們嘗試陪伴並接近那些“疏離卻尋求真理、在世界上行走的受傷的人,他們也可能有過與教會不愉快的經驗”。

面對問題

洛佩斯樞機最後談到世界主教會議進程的豐富內涵,說:“這次世界主教會議的內容極為充實。我們的教會仍過於歐洲化、西方化。我們必須活出這互相幫助的行程,這樣一來,教會就將更加公教化、普世化。”

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