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Home News Vatican

教宗方濟各決定向女性開放讀經員和輔祭員職務

January 13, 2021
in Vatican
Pope Francis: Ministries of lector and acolyte to be open to women

教宗方濟各修訂《天主教法典》,使已經實際運作的職務制度化,即允許女性為聖言和祭台服務。

By Vatican News

Jan 13 2021

(梵蒂岡新聞網)教宗方濟各以《天主聖神》(Spiritus Domini)手諭規定,從今以後女性也可擔任讀經員和輔祭員的職務,而且這些職務要透過專門的授權以固定和制度化的形式呈現出來。

女性在禮儀慶典中誦讀天主聖言,或在祭台前服事,如擔任輔祭員或送聖體員並非一個創新,在全世界的許多團體中已有這種經由主教允許的實際運作。然而,直到現在,所有這一切都是在沒有在制度上真正授權的情況下進行的,儘管聖保祿六世於1972年取消了所謂的“小品”,但他決定仍將這些職務只保留給男性,因為他認為這是為他們可能接受的聖職做準備。

如今,教宗方濟各依照最近幾次世界主教會議作出的分辨,也願意將女性在祭台前的服務予以正式化和制度化。藉著於元月11日公布的《天主聖神》手諭,《天主教法典》230條1項得到修訂。教宗因此規定,女性能擔任這些職務,而且這些職務的授予也要經由使其制度化的禮儀。

教宗方濟各説明,他願意採納世界主教會議不同大會上提出的建議,並且寫道,“這幾年的神學發展指明,教會建立的特定職務是根據聖洗的普通司祭職和在聖洗聖事中所領受的司祭職”。教宗也提出,必須明認這些平信徒的職務“在本質上有別於聖秩職務,後者藉著聖秩聖事領取”。

因此,《天主教法典》修訂後的230條1項為:“平信徒,凡具有主教團規定的年齡和資質者,得依禮儀規定擢升為固定的讀經員及輔祭員。”原先特別指明的“男性”平信徒的字眼被刪除。

與這道手諭一起發表的,還有一封寫給聖座教義部部長拉達里亞(Luis Ladaria)樞機的信函。教宗在信函中解釋了他這項選擇的神學理由,寫道:“在梵二大公會議標示的更新願景中,我們越來越迫切地感到,今天需要重新發現所有信徒在教會内的共同責任,尤其是平信徒的使命。”

教宗援引亞馬遜世界主教會議結束文件的内容,指出“對處在不同情況中的整個教會而言,促進和授予男女信徒職務是件緊要的事。我們必須鞏固由男女信徒組成的教會,推動他們的職務,尤其意識到領受聖洗的尊嚴”。

教宗方濟各也提到聖若望保祿二世的話語,“就聖秩職務而論,教會沒有任何權力將司鐸聖職授予女性”,然後補充道,授予“非聖秩職務則是可行的”。

教宗解釋道,“為男女平信徒提供擔任輔祭員和讀經員職務的機會,這是基於他們因著聖洗分享了司祭職,這個可能性也將經由禮儀(制度)行為增進對許多平信徒的認可,他們長期以來為教會的生命和使命作出了寶貴的貢獻” 。教宗最後表示,“將這些職務也授予女性的選擇,將促使衆人更實際地參與在教會内的福傳工作。這些職務具有固定性,得到公開承認並由主教授權”。

教宗方濟各對教會的這些職務作了深入的神學省思,然後作出修訂《天主教法典》230條的決定。的確,梵二大公會議後的神學重新發現了讀經員和輔祭員的重要性,這不僅與蒙受祝聖的司祭職有關,也尤其涉及因聖洗聖事而領受的司祭職。在這兩種司祭職務之間存在著相互合作的互動關係,愈加凸顯了“平信徒”本身的特質,即履行所有信徒因聖洗而領受的司祭職。

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