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Home News Vatican

聖座教義部公布有關處理性侵案程序的指導手冊

July 18, 2020
in Vatican
聖座教義部公布有關處理性侵案程序的指導手冊

聖座教義部

By Isabella Piro

 

July 18 2020

(梵蒂岡新聞網)聖座教義部7月16日公布了一份指導手冊,精確又及時地回應在性侵案件處理程序方面的常見問題。這份指導手冊有30多頁,分為9大章;內容針對處理聖職人員侵犯兒童案的若干程序要點,回答主要問題。這文件既非規範,也不是新的法律條文,而是一項工具,旨在協助教區教長和法務人員採取具體的教會法律行動來應對「較重大的罪行」。「對整個教會而言,『較重大的罪行』是一道又深又痛的傷痕,需要妥善治療」。

先前,世界各地主教團主席於2019年2月在梵蒂岡開會時,要求提供相關指引,聖座這份指導手冊因此問世,並起名為「1.0版」,因為日後預計會按照當下法規和聖座教義部的行事慣例,定期調整手冊內容。本文件回答的若干問題包括:構成罪行的元素,如何推展事先調查,有哪些可採取的懲戒訴訟程序等等。這些問答再三援引現行法規、《保護聖事的神聖性》手諭,以及《你們是世界的光》手諭。《保護聖事的神聖性》手諭由聖若望保祿二世教宗於2001年首次頒布,本篤十六世教宗於2010年加以修訂;《你們是世界的光》手諭則由教宗方濟各於2019年頒布。

聖座教義部的指導手冊特別提出了四大需求:首要之務便是保護人。教會當局應當「盡力讓假定的受害者及其家屬得到有尊嚴的善待和尊重」,必須通過「特別服務等方式」,予以「接納、聆聽和陪伴,並且視個案而定,在靈性、醫療和心理方面提供援助」。手冊強調,「被控告的人也可以得到同等對待」。

手冊提出的第二個層面是,教區教長務必謹慎又精確地核實有關假定侵犯案件的每個信息。即使沒有正式的舉報,即使消息是在大眾傳媒,包括社交網絡上流傳,即使消息來源不具名,文件建議依然要仔細評估每個所得的信息,並深入研究。聖事的保密性當然始終有效:在這種情況下,聽告解的司鐸必須說服懺悔者通過其它渠道舉報假定的侵犯案件。

第三個層面涉及傳播:指導手冊多次提到遵守「職務保密」原則的義務,儘管在事先調查期間,假定的受害者及證人沒有「對案情保持緘默的義務」。無論如何,手冊要求避免任何「不當和非法」地向公眾散布消息的行徑,尤其是在事先調查階段,以免人們先入為主地斷定案情。本文件的其中一段談論在事先調查期間必須宣布的公告:在這種情況下,手冊建議要小心謹慎,採取「必要而簡潔」的形式,既不渲染消息,也不以教會的名義道歉,以免造成未審先判的效果。

最後,第四個層面強調的是教會與國家合作的重要性。舉例而言,「即使沒有明文規定的義務,只要教會當局在當下判斷,為了保護受侵犯者或其它兒童免於進一步犯罪行為的傷害,舉報是必不可少的,教會當局就應該向民政當局的主管單位舉報」。與此同時,手冊也提醒,「調查活動應遵守各國民法」。- Vatican News

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