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Home News Vatican

聖座聖職部頒布訓令:為福傳和教會服務的堂區

July 22, 2020
in Vatican
聖座聖職部頒布訓令:為福傳和教會服務的堂區

巴西一個堂區慶祝成立百週年

By Vatican News

July 22 2020

堂區是“眾家之家”,其使命感對福傳極其重要。在堂區內應讓“相遇文化”成為推動對話、團結互助和向眾人開放的必要環境。聖座聖職部最近頒布了一道以堂區為主題的訓令,其中提出了上述思想。

(梵蒂岡新聞網)在教會內人人都有一席之地,每個人都能按照各自的聖召找到自己的位置。這是聖座聖職部7月20日公布一道訓令的主旨,訓令的標題為《堂區團體的牧靈皈依,為福傳使命和教會服務》。這份文件並沒有法律上的新意,只是提出旨在更好實施現行規範的方式,以此促進信友們的共同責任感,推動堂區間的牧靈關懷與合作。

聖職部的《訓令》分為兩大部分,共有11章。第一部分對牧靈皈依、堂區在當前的使命感和價值進行了廣泛省思;第二部分則論述堂區團體的配置、堂區內的不同角色和實施規範的方式。

在《訓令》的第一部分中,首先指出作為復活的基督臨在於子民當中的永久標記,堂區乃是“眾家之家”,其使命感對福傳極其重要。全球化和數字世界改變了堂區與區域的特定關係,而區域不再只是一個地理上的空間,而且也是一個存在的空間。堂區的“可塑性”正是在這一背景下應運而生,它要求堂區能夠捕捉到時代的需求並使自己的服務順應信友和歷史。

為此,《訓令》強調以使命為核心來更新堂區結構的重要性,即遠離以自我為準則的意識和生硬僵化。堂區應致力於靈性上的互動和建立在宣講天主聖言、聖事生活和愛德見證上的牧靈皈依。此外,應讓“相遇文化”成為推動對話、團結互助和向眾人開放的必要環境,如此一來,堂區團體才能推進一種名副其實的“關懷藝術”。再者,堂區應藉著愛德作出信德的見證並關注窮人。

在《訓令》的第二部分中,首先對堂區的配置進行了分析,指出堂區必須以接近眾人為要素,顧及區域內居民的均等性和當地的特性。接著,《訓令》論述了關於堂區的歸併、合併或劃分的特定程序,以及集合數個堂區的郊區總鐸區和集合數個郊區總鐸區的牧靈區域。

談到堂區團體牧靈關懷的職責,《訓令》首先強調本堂神父的角色乃為堂區團體的“專職牧人”。他服事堂區而非受服事,他應全力照顧堂區信友的靈魂。因此,本堂神父必須領受鐸品,其它的任何可能性都被排除。本堂神父也是堂區財產的管理人和法律上的代表,他的任命沒有限期,因為人靈的益處需要穩定性,這要求本堂神父熟悉和親近自己的團體。

雖然如此,《訓令》也提到在有主教團作出法令規定的地方,主教可任命一位有限期的本堂神父,任期至少5年。此外,本堂神父到了75歲時有“道德義務”提出辭呈,但在主教尚未接受也未書面通知准許他辭職之前,該本堂神父仍未喪失他的職務。在任何情況下,接受辭職總是有一個“正當和相稱的理由”,以避免對此職務有一種“功能主義”的觀念。

在《訓令》的第8章中,部分內容談到執事的職責。執事在獨特的福傳使命中是主教和司鐸的助手,屬於聖職人員並以不同的方式參與聖秩聖事,尤其是在福傳和愛德工作上,包括管理財產、宣講福音和在感恩祭中服務。因此,不可將他們視為“半個神父和半個平信徒”,也不能以教權主義和功能主義的目光看待他們。

《訓令》中也對堂區團體內的奉獻生活者和平信徒的角色進行了省思,提醒前者不在於“行動”,而在於“做徹底跟隨基督的見證人”。平信徒則應參與教會的福傳工作,在見證一種符合福音精神的生活和服事堂區團體上善盡“慷慨義務”。

平信徒能擔任讀經員和輔祭,在特殊情況下也能接受主教經過“慎重考慮”後授予的其它職務,如主持聖道禮儀和葬禮、施予聖洗聖事、在事先取得聖座的許可後主持婚姻聖事,以及必要時在聖堂或祈禱所宣道。無論如何,平信徒在任何情況下都不可在彌撒中講道。

此外,《訓令》也談到堂區組織在教會內的共同責任,其中的經濟事務委員會具有諮詢性質,由本堂神父主持,至少有3名成員參與。這個組織有必要存在,因為管理堂區的財產是“在教會和公民社會中進行福傳和福傳見證的一個重要領域”。因此,該組織的任務是增進一種“共同負責、透明管理和幫助教會所需的文化”。

另外,堂區牧靈委員會也屬於諮詢性的組織,它不應成為一個純粹的官僚機構,而應培養一種共融的靈修,強調天主子民的中心地位,視子民為福傳的積極主角。該組織的主要職責是尋找和研究符合教區行程的堂區的牧靈和愛德倡議。這些提議在得到本堂神父的接納後才能實施。

在最後一章中,《訓令》則論述了有關施行聖事的獻儀問題。《訓令》中指出,獻儀應是奉獻者的“一項自由舉動”,不可作為一種費用或報酬而被索取。不可拿聖事生活作為交易,舉行彌撒,以及其它的聖職行動都不可以收費、議價或貿易作為條件。司鐸卻應在金錢的使用上立下德表,度淡泊有節的生活並在堂區的財物管理上具有透明度。如此一來,信友們的敏覺力將會提高,甘心情願地為堂區的所需作出貢獻。- Vatican News

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