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Home Bahasa Melayu

Enggan punya anak, antara sebab perpisahan suami-isteri

May 20, 2025
in Bahasa Melayu, Local, News
Fr Jeffri Gumu, Vikaris Judisial di Tribunal Tingkat Pertama Keuskupan Agung Kota Kinabalu

Oleh Alicia Dora Paul

PENGENALAN kepada Tribunal Perkahwinan Gereja Katolik Tingkat Pertama di Keuskupan Agung Kota Kinabalu dalam Catholic Sabah yang bertarikh 18 Ogos 2024 telah mendapat maklum balas yang sangat menggalakkan daripada pembaca terutama pasangan yang sudah berkahwin.

Sejak pejabat Tribunal Tingkat Pertama Kota Kinabalu secara rasminya mula beroperasi pada 6 Jun 2024, selain daripada 69 kes sedia ada, terdapat pertambahan sebanyak 11 kes baharu yang dikira sehingga bulan Mac 2025. Pertambahan jumlah permohonan untuk pembatalan perkahwinan di dalam Gereja Katolik itu sangat membimbangkan dan dilihat sebagai ancaman kepada institusi Gereja yang menganggap bahawa Sakramen Perkahwinan itu sebagai jalinan kasih yang suci.

Berdasarkan kes yang ada, terdapat banyak faktor yang boleh menyebabkan perceraian berlaku. Tidak kurang juga alasan yang diberikan oleh pengadu adalah tidak munasabah, maka permohonan itu tidak akan diterima. Fr Jeffri Gumu menyenaraikan tiga faktor terbesar yang menyumbang kepada kenaikan kes pembatalan perkahwinan di Gereja Katolik. Faktor pertama adalah, merujuk kepada Undang-undang Kanun Gereja Katolik (Kan. 1103) iaitu force and fear. Itu bererti, perkahwinan dilangsungkan atas paksaan atau ketakutan berat yang dikenakan dari luar, meskipun tidak dengan sengaja, sehingga untuk melepaskan diri dari ketakutan itu seseorang terpaksa memilih perkahwinan. Contoh kepada situasi tersebut adalah perkahwinan di usia muda di mana remaja yang berumur di bawah 21 tahun disebabkan telah terlanjur berhubungan seks dan mengandung. Oleh itu, pihak keluarga memaksa remaja tersebut berkahwin untuk menutup malu.

Selain itu, merujuk kepada Undang-undang Kanun Gereja Katolik (Kan. 1101 § 2 dan Kan. 1056) iaitu partial simulation exclusion of fidelity. Keterlibatan pihak ketiga dalam sesuatu perhubungan menyebabkan perkahwinan itu tidak berpanjangan. Faktor yang ketiga pula, (Kan. 1101 § 2 dan Kan. 1055 § 1) partial simulation exclusion of children. Dalam kanun tersebut mengatakan, salah satu pihak sama ada suami atau pun isteri tidak bersedia untuk mempunyai anak, maka pergaduhan berlaku dan berakhir kepada perceraian.

Sebelum pejabat Tribunal Tingkat Pertama di Keuskupan Agung Kota Kinabalu dibuka, semua permohonan pembatalan perkahwinan dihantar ke Tribunal Tingkat Pertama Kuala Lumpur. Menurut Fr Jeffri, sejak tahun 1993 sehingga 2019, Sabah telah menghantar 100 permohonan dan kes paling banyak diterima adalah daripada paroki St Michael, Penampang, diikuti oleh Sacred Heart Cathedral, Kota Kinabalu dan paroki Stella Maris, Tanjung Aru.

Kategori usia pasangan yang paling ramai datang merujuk permasalahan perkahwinan mereka adalah yang sudah berumur antara 50 hingga 60 tahun. Fr Jeffri berkata bahawa ramai pasangan yang berkahwin muda, kemudian bercerai dengan pasangan masing-masing selama bertahun-tahun. Apabila mereka sudah tua barulah pasangan tersebut datang merujuk ke Tribunal Perkahwinan. “Ramai umat yang berkahwin awal, sebagai contoh, berkahwin pada usia 19 tahun. Kemudian bercerai pada usia 23 tahun dan berkahwin kembali dengan pasangan baharu. Sejak umur 23 tahun sehingga 60 tahun, mereka tidak pernah ke Gereja. Selepas mencapai umur persaraan, barulah mereka teringat bahawa ada Tribunal Perkahwinan yang boleh membantu mereka,” tambah Fr Jeffri lagi.

Antara sebab mengapa banyak pasangan tidak datang merujuk kes mereka ke Tribunal Perkahwinan adalah kerana kurang pendedahan tentang kewujudan dan fungsi Tribunal di kalangan umat. Tambahan lagi, umat salah anggapan terhadap sistem Tribunal yang dirasakan sangat ketat dan tidak dapat membantu. Terdapat juga pasangan yang tahu tentang kewujudan Tribunal itu tetapi mereka malu dan tidak bersedia untuk berkongsi masalah dan mendapatkan nasihat daripada pihak profesional. “Mungkin kerana mereka sudah tua, timbul kerinduan untuk menerima Sakramen Ekaristi, maka barulah mereka datang berjumpa dengan kami,” tambah Fr Jeffri lagi.

Dalam menangani kes perceraian juga, terdapat umat yang memilih untuk berjumpa dan mendapatkan nasihat serta penyelesaian daripada peguam sivil Katolik. Tentang perkara tersebut, Fr Jeffri memberi penekanan bahawa tribunal di dalam Gereja dan tribunal di luar sana contohnya Undang-undang Sivil dan Mahkamah Anak Negeri adalah berbeza.

Di dalam Gereja Katolik, perkahwinan adalah Sakramen dan tidak membolehkan perceraian kecuali kematian. Dari perspektif Gereja Katolik, pembatalan perkahwinan (annulment) di dalam Gereja Katolik itu bererti tiada perkahwinan sejak mula. Perkahwinan dalam Gereja itu ada tetapi dianggap sebagai tidak pernah wujud. Pasangan yang bercerai secara sah sama ada melalui sivil atau mahkamah anak negeri, perkahwinan gereja masih sah sehingga ada keputusan rasmi dari tribunal gereja.

Buat masa sekarang, pejabat Tribunal Perkahwinan belum mempunyai rancangan khusus untuk membuat program jangkauan kepada umat paroki di Keuskupan Agung Kota Kinabalu disebabkan oleh kekangan masa dan kekurangan kakitangan. Namun, pihak Tribunal sangat berbesar hati menerima jemputan untuk memberikan seminar atau taklimat kepada mana-mana paroki yang mahu mendapatkan maklumat lebih lanjut berkenaan fungsi Tribunal dan proses pembatalan perkahwinan, sekiranya masa mengizinkan. Setakat ini, Tribunal telah dijemput memberikan taklimat di Paroki St Edmund, Kota Belud dan Paroki St Joseph, Papar.

Program seterusnya adalah pada 2 Jun 2025 bermula jam 8.00 pagi di Gereja St Catherine dari Sienna, Inanam yang dianjurkan bersama oleh Paroki Inanam, Manggatal, Telipok dan Kota Kinabalu Industrial Park (KKIP). Umat dari paroki lain yang berminat dijemput untuk menghadiri seminar tersebut. Sila berhubung dengan pejabat paroki Inanam untuk keterangan lanjut.

Umat yang ingin mendapatkan nasihat atau merujuk kes mereka ke Tribunal Perkahwinan Tingkat Pertama Kota Kinabalu boleh berhubung terus kepada Susan atau Victoria untuk mendapatkan tarikh temujanji bersama Fr Jeffri Gumu di nombor telefon 088-201023 dan 088-203300.

Pejabat Tribunal beroperasi pada hari Isnin sehingga Jumaat pada jam 8.30 pagi hingga 12.30 petang.

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