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    Pope Leo underscores the need for solidarity on International Women’s Day

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Guru bunuh diri mendorong pencarian jiwa

September 12, 2023
in Asia
Guru bunuh diri mendorong pencarian jiwa

Gambar diambil pada 4 Sep menunjukkan penunjuk perasaan memegang papan tanda bertulis “Mendedahkan kebenaran adalah cara untuk memberi penghormatan” semasa perhimpunan menuntut perlindungan hak guru di hadapan Perhimpunan Kebangsaan di Seoul, ketika mereka memperingati seorang guru sekolah rendah yang meninggal dunia dalam bunuh diri pada bulan Jul (Foto: AFP)

Oleh AFP, Seoul

Sep 12 2023

SELAMA berminggu-minggu, seorang guru muda Korea Selatan dihujani dengan teks dan panggilan daripada ibu bapa yang marah dengan cara anak mereka dilayan. Kemudian dia ditemui mati di dalam kelasnya.

Pembunuhan diri wanita berusia 23 tahun itu, hanya dalam tahun kedua mengajar, telah mencetuskan kesedihan dan kemarahan yang mencurah-curah dan mencetuskan bantahan yang meluas, termasuk mogok yang jarang berlaku, ketika guru menolak apa yang mereka panggil keadaan kerja yang tidak boleh dipertahankan.

Selama beberapa dekad, penderaan fizikal oleh guru diterima secara diam-diam di sekolah-sekolah Korea Selatan, kata pakar, tetapi pada awal 2000-an, negara itu melancarkan usaha besar untuk menghapuskannya, yang memuncak dengan penggubalan undang-undang 2014 mengenai penderaan kanak-kanak.

Ini, kata guru sekarang, telah menyebabkan bandul berayun terlalu jauh ke arah lain.

Mereka berkata undang-undang itu, bukannya melindungi murid yang terdedah, telah melucutkan perlindungan institusi dan undang-undang daripada guru dan memberi kuasa kepada ibu bapa yang suka membuli mereka.

“Saya merasakan beban yang amat berat dan ingin melepaskan semuanya,” tulis mendiang guru dua minggu sebelum kematiannya dalam jurnalnya, yang dikeluarkan secara anumerta oleh Kesatuan Guru Seoul.

Salah seorang pelajar darjah satunya menetak muka seorang lagi kanak-kanak dengan pensil dan, selepas guru campur tangan, rekod telefon menunjukkan dia tertakluk kepada panggilan dan mesej berulang-ulang termasuk pada telefon peribadinya oleh ibu bapa pelaku.

“Saya tidak boleh bernafas,” tulisnya dalam salah satu entri terakhirnya.

Beberapa guru memberitahu AFP pengalamannya sangat bergema dengan mereka: bahawa mereka tertakluk kepada pertukaran tanpa henti, kemarahan dan ancaman aduan penderaan kanak-kanak daripada ibu bapa.

Mereka juga menyifatkan tekanan tanpa henti untuk menghapuskan rekod buli sekolah atau sebarang kecacatan yang mungkin menjejaskan prospek kanak-kanak ke universiti peringkat atasan; satu pertimbangan penting dalam masyarakat Korea Selatan yang sangat kompetitif dan mementingkan pendidikan.

‘Dijenamakan pendera kanak-kanak’

Setiap hujung minggu sejak guru bunuh diri pada 18 Jul, guru telah berkumpul di tengah Seoul untuk membantah; ratusan ribu mereka minggu lepas; menuntut perlindungan yang lebih baik untuk profesion mereka dan menamatkan buli ibu bapa.

Choi Jun-hyuk, seorang guru sekolah rendah berusia 27 tahun yang telah menyertai perhimpunan itu, memberitahu AFP bahawa para pendidik kini berada dalam kedudukan yang mustahil.

Dia telah dikenakan kata-kata kasar dan kasar daripada salah seorang pelajar darjah tiganya, tetapi apabila dia berdepan dengan budak lelaki itu, dia menolak dengan kasar.

“Saya sepatutnya mendisiplinkan dia, tetapi ketakutan untuk dicap sebagai pendera kanak-kanak menyelubungi saya, jadi saya melepaskannya,” katanya.

Seorang lagi guru memberitahu AFP dia tidak mempunyai cara untuk menghalang pelajar yang tidak terkawal daripada mengganggu keseluruhan kelas.

“Jika saya memisahkan mereka daripada pelajar lain, contohnya, meminta mereka berdiri di lorong, saya boleh dituduh mendera kanak-kanak,” Seo Chan-yang, yang telah mengajar pelajar rendah selama 15 tahun, memberitahu AFP.

Tuntutan ibu bapa selalunya tidak masuk akal, katanya, menggambarkan kes di mana dia menulis dalam laporan bahawa seorang pelajar mempunyai “prestasi akademik yang agak baik”.

Ibu bapa menuntut dia menyemak semula laporan itu, mendakwa ia boleh menjejaskan prospek universiti masa depan kanak-kanak itu. Kanak-kanak itu berumur tujuh tahun, katanya.

Tidak bersalah sehingga dibuktikan bersalah?

Isunya, kata guru, ialah undang-undang 2014 mentakrifkan “penderaan kanak-kanak” secara meluas tetapi memerlukan ia segera dilaporkan kepada polis.

Ibu bapa kini berasa diberi kuasa untuk menuduh guru melakukan “penderaan emosi” berhubung apa yang, kata mereka, langkah disiplin bilik darjah biasa.

Sebarang laporan polis mencetuskan penyiasatan berbulan-bulan dan potensi pemecatan guru, dengan pihak berkuasa pendidikan sering menggantung mereka secara awal.

“Prinsip tidak bersalah sehingga dibuktikan bersalah tidak terpakai,” kata guru Seo kepada AFP.

Malah penguasa pendidikan Seoul, Cho Hee-yeon, telah mengakui ketidakseimbangan itu, dengan guru “dilihat sebagai bersalah sejak awal” apabila ibu bapa mengadu.

Selepas protes itu, Kementerian Pendidikan Seoul berkata guru dibenarkan mengasingkan pelajar yang mengganggu daripada kelas tanpa rasa takut dilabel sebagai pendera kanak-kanak, satu langkah yang dialu-alukan oleh kesatuan guru.

Ramai ibu bapa mungkin pernah mengalami penderaan pada tahun 1980-an dan 90-an, dan keganasan sekolah telah dipaparkan dalam budaya pop Korea Selatan, daripada “Rakan” 2001 tentang seorang guru yang menghentam kanak-kanak ke lantai, sehinggalah filem terbaru Netflix “The Glory” tentang pembulian sekolah.

“Saya sendiri dikenakan hukuman dera semasa membesar,” kata cikgu Choi.

“Tetapi masa telah berubah. Tidak ada guru yang akan melakukan perkara sedemikian kepada pelajar sekarang.”

 

Sumber: UCA News (Diterjemahkan oleh CS)

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