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Siapakah St Corona? Bukan Pelindung Pandemik?

December 1, 2020
in Local
Siapakah St Corona? Bukan Pelindung Pandemik?

Saint Corona was supposedly killed by being tied between two palm trees. Image courtesy of Creative Commons

St Corona dimartir dengan diikat di antara dua pokok palma (Imej Creative Commons)

Oleh Anthonius E Sugiyanto

Nov 30 2020

St Corona dipercayai sebagai pelindung pandemik. Hal ini terjadi kerana namanya kebetulan sama dengan nama “virus korona” (Covid-19) yang ketika ini sedang menular di seluruh dunia.

Dosen Teologi Kitab Suci di Universiti Birmingham, Inggeris, Candida Moss mengatakan, St Corona bukan santo pelindung bagi pandemik atau penyakit menular. Sebaliknya, St Corona adalah santo pelindung pemburu harta karun. Kisah tentang St Corona lebih banyak hubungannya dengan pemburu harta karun yang menghargai keberhasilannya atas perantaraannya.

“Anda berdoa kepada santo pelindung pemburu harta karun,,” ujar Moss kepada Religion News Service.

Walaupun demikian, Moss mengatakan, seandainya St Corona dikaitkan dengan mukjizat penyembuhan apa pun selama pandemik virus korona. Boleh jadi juga St Corona kemudian akan ditetapkan juga sebagai pelindung di masa pandemik.

“Saya lebih suka mereka tidak melakukannya (berdoa kepada St Corona), tetapi jika orang ramai memutuskan, bahawa St Corona adalah santo pelindung dari virus korona, dia tetap boleh menjadi seperti itu,” kata Moss.

Sejak berabad-abad, Gereja menetapkan St Corona sebagai pelindung segala tindakan yang melibatkan wang, seperti perjudian dan pemburuan harta karun. Hal ini terjadi kerana ada beberapa pemburu harta karun yang mendapat hasil melalui doa permohonan mereka kepada St Corona.

Siapakah St Corona?

Kisah hidup St Corona berkait rapat dengan St Victor. Legenda mereka menyatakan bahawa Victor adalah seorang tentera Romawi keturunan Italia, yang diseksa, termasuk dicungkil matanya, dan dipenggal kepalanya. Sebahagian besar sumber menyatakan bahawa Victor dan Corona terbunuh di Suriah Romawi pada masa pemerintahan Marcus Aurelius (sekitar 160-170-an AD).

Ketika Victor diseksa, seorang isteri kepada tentera yang lain yang berumur 16 tahun, bernama Corona atau Stephanie menghibur dan memberi semangat kepada Victor. Kerana ini, Corona juga ditangkap lalu diikat pada pokok untuk diseksa.

Hari Raya St Corona dan St Victor adalah 14 Mei. Di luar kota Feltre di Italia utara, di lereng Gunung Miesna, adalah gereja SS Vittore e Corona, didirikan oleh Tentera Salib dari Feltre selepas Perang Salib Pertama.

Corona sangat dihormati di Austria dan Jerman bahagian timur. Ada sebuah chapel yang didedikasikan untuknya di Sauerlach, Munich. Di tempat itu ada dua gereja yang diberi namanya di Keuskupan Passau. Manakala di Austria, ada dua kota yang dinamai menurut namanya

Sekitar 1000 AD Otto III, Kaisar Romawi Suci membawa peninggalan St Corona ke Aachen di Jerman barat. Relik-reliknya ditemukan kembali selama pekerjaan penggalian di Katedral Aachen pada tahun 1910. Relik-relik itu lalu dipindahkan dari ruang bawah tanah dan ditempatkan di sebuah chapel di dalam katedral.

Menuju Pelindung Pandemik

Gereja Katolik memiliki ribuan orang kudus, termasuk St Corona yang adalah seorang martir Kristian pada abad ke-2. Nama “corona” bermaksud ‘mahkota’ dalam bahasa Latin. Sebahagian relik St Corona disimpan di sebuah gereja di Italia utara.

Di tengah pandemik, ramai umat Katolik di pelbagai negara berdevosi kepada St Corona. Perkembangan ini telah menjadi berita utama di media sosial dan media-media Katolik, juga dalam siaran umum.

Sophia Institute Press, penerbit Katolik di New Hampshire, Amerika Syarikat baru-baru ini, mencetak kad doa St Corona. Ribuan kad ini terjual sangat laris. Michael Naughton, direktor Pusat Pembelajaran Katolik di Universiti St Thomas, mengatakan, walaupun Corona bukan santa pelindung di masa pandemik, namun St Corona kini telah menjadi pendoa bagi mangsa-mangsa korban pandemik. “Dia bukan orang suci pandemik, tapi sekarang kita menjadikannya orang suci pandemik, Saya kira tidak ada masalah dengan itu. Orang-orang suci, dalam sejarah hidup mereka juga setuju saat-saat di mana kita berada.” Naughton mengatakan, semua orang kudus akan berdoa untuk kita di masa pandemik seperti ini.

Dalam hal pandemik, St Edmund yang meninggal pada tahun 869 di Inggeris, telah lama dianggap sebagai santo pelindung para korban pandemik. St Edmund tidak dikenal sebagai pelindung pandemik pada saat ini, mungkin kerana namanya yang tidak ada kaitannya dengan nama virus ini.

Sebenarnya sejarah St Corona tidak berkaitan dengan penyakit. Namun, ia memberikan teladan kemartiran. Ia menawarkan penghibur bagi lelaki yang menderita. Naughton mengatakan, seharusnya St Corona memberikan teladan juga bagi umat untuk mencintai sesama di tengah pandemik. “Jika St Corona dapat membantu kita melakukan itu, mari kita lakukan,” ujarnya.

Pelindung Pandemik St Rocco dan St Edmund

Kiri St Rocco (Creative Commons), kanan St Edmund (Public Domain)

Ada ribuan orang kudus di dalam Gereja. Dari nama-nama itu, tidak sedikit yang semasa hidupnya dikenali memberi perhatian kepada mereka yang menderita di masa pandemik. Dua nama yang boleh disebuat adalah St Rocco dan St Edmund.

Saint Rocco atau Roch (hidup c. 1348 – 15/16 Ogos 1376/79 (tradisional c. 1295 – 16 Ogos 1327) adalah seorang santa Katolik, seorang bapa pengakuan yang kematiannya diingati pada 16 Ogos dan 9 Sept di Italia. Dia secara khusus dipercayai sebagai pelindung melawan wabak. Saint Rocco dikenali sebagai “Sao Roque” dalam bahasa Portugis dan sebagai “San Roque” dalam bahasa Sepanyol, termasuk di kebanyakan daerah yang sekarang berbahasa Inggeris, seperti Filipina.

St Edmund juga dikenali sebagai St Edmund atau Edmund dari Anglia timur, dia meninggal pada 20 Nov 869. Ia dilahirkan pada tahun 841, putera seorang raja Anglian Timur bernama Ethelweard; Edmund dikatakan menaiki takhtanya ketika dia berusia 14 tahun. Atau sebagai alternatifnya dia adalah putera bungsu seorang raja Jerman bernama Alcmund. 

Pada 869, Tentera Denmark memukul dan menembaknya dengan panah dan kemudian memenggal kepalanya. Menurut salah satu legenda, kepalanya kemudian dilemparkan ke hutan, tetapi ditemukan dalam keadaan baik oleh para pencari setelah mengikuti nyalakan serigala halus yang memanggil dalam bahasa Latin, “Hic, Hic, Hic” – “Di Sini, Di Sini, Di Sini”. St Edmund adalah santo pelindung pandemik dan juga raja.

Selain dua nama itu, Gereja memiliki ratusan orang kudus yang juga dikenal sebagai pelindung di masa pandemik dan penyakit. Antaranya ialah St Marculf pelindung penderita penyakit kulit, St Julian dari Nicomendia pelindung bayi lahir dan mereka yang sakit, St Mungo pelindung penderita penyakit mata, St Antonius Agung pelindung pandemik dan lain-lain lagi. – Hidup Katolik

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