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Suku Kristian Indonesia berdepan penjara kerana pertikaian tanah

July 14, 2023
in Asia
Suku Kristian Indonesia berdepan penjara kerana pertikaian tanah

Nikodemus Manao, seorang penganut Kristian dan ketua suku Besipae di wilayah Nusa Tenggara Timur yang majoriti penduduknya beragama Kristian kelihatan di sebuah pusat tahanan. (Foto: kompas.id)

By UCA News reporter

Jul 14 2023

Seorang puak Kristian Indonesia berdepan hukuman penjara kerana didakwa menyerang pegawai kerajaan, yang menurut aktivis menyoroti perjuangan kumpulan pribumi yang memperjuangkan hak tanah selama beberapa dekad.

Seorang pendakwa negeri menuntut Mahkamah Daerah Timor Tengah Selatan menjatuhkan hukuman penjara tujuh bulan kepada Nikodemus Manao semasa perbicaraannya pada 12 Julai.

Manao, 43, ketua suku Besipae di wilayah Nusa Tenggara Timur yang majoriti penduduknya beragama Kristian, didakwa melanggar Perkara 351 Kanun Jenayah kerana memukul seorang penjawat awam, Bernadus Seran, tahun lalu.

Peguamnya, Victor Emanuel Manbait, mendakwa Manao didakwa secara palsu kerana menyerang Seran pada Oktober 2022.

Manbait berkata, Seran sememangnya dipukul oleh orang ramai yang marah kepadanya selepas dia mengeluarkan surat mengarahkan mereka mengosongkan kira-kira 3,700 hektar tanah yang menjadi pertikaian pada 2020.

Sejak itu, masyarakat suku Besipae mengadakan lima protes menentang perintah kerajaan.

Manbait mendakwa semua saksi yang dikemukakannya menolak pertuduhan terhadap Manao.

“Salah satu perkara yang ganjil ialah pihak pendakwa tidak pernah mengemukakan mana-mana saksi penting yang melihat atau berada di lokasi serangan. Saksi yang dikemukakan hanyalah mereka yang mendakwa pernah mendengar cerita serangan itu,” katanya kepada UCA News.

Sebaliknya, katanya, pendakwa raya negeri menggunakan keterangan Bernadus Seran dan saksi yang mendakwa mendengar cerita mengenai serangan itu untuk membuat kesimpulan “Manao adalah pelakunya.”

Manbait berkata prosiding undang-undang terhadap Manao adalah sebahagian daripada usaha untuk menekan masyarakat supaya berhenti melawan kerajaan wilayah untuk tanah itu.

Manao diberitahu oleh pegawai pusat tahanan bahawa dia akan dibebaskan hanya selepas dia menandatangani surat yang menyatakan bahawa selepas dia dibebaskan, dia akan berhenti memperjuangkan hak tanah orang Besipae, tambahnya.

Pendakwa raya negeri tidak tersedia untuk mengulas.

Konflik antara kerajaan wilayah dan orang Besipae bermula pada 1982 apabila kira-kira 6,000 hektar tanah diisytiharkan sebagai ladang lembu, sebahagian daripada perkongsian antara kerajaan wilayah dan kerajaan Australia.

Orang Besipae mendakwa lebih separuh daripada jumlah keseluruhan 6,000 hektar tanah ladang itu adalah milik mereka dan mereka berpindah untuk menduduki tanah itu apabila perjanjian antara pihak berkuasa tempatan dan Australia berakhir pada 1987.

Bagaimanapun, pada 2012, kerajaan pusat secara rahsia mengeluarkan sijil hak milik tanah seluas 3,780 hektar kepada kerajaan wilayah dan mendakwa pemimpin masyarakat orang asli telah menyerahkan tanah itu pada 1985.

Orang asli terus tinggal di tanah itu, walaupun kerajaan telah melakukan beberapa percubaan pengusiran, yang terakhir pada 20 Oktober 2022.

Francisco Tukan, dari Perikatan Solidariti Besipae yang menganjurkan perhimpunan di mahkamah semasa setiap perbicaraan, memberitahu UCA News bahawa mereka menunjukkan solidariti dengan Manao “yang menjadi mangsa percubaan sewenang-wenangnya untuk menindas suara orang asli.”

“Terdapat percubaan melulu untuk menjenayahkannya. Malah, tiada bukti menunjukkan Nikolaus Manao adalah pelakunya,” katanya.

Konflik tanah antara kerajaan dan masyarakat orang asli Besipae termasuk dalam 212 letusan konflik agraria yang dilaporkan oleh Konsortium Pembaharuan Agraria sepanjang 2022, meliputi 1.03 juta hektar tanah dan memberi kesan kepada 346,402 keluarga. Data ini telah meningkat daripada 207 kes pada 2021, meliputi 500 hektar tanah.

Konsortium itu juga menyatakan bahawa sepanjang 2022 terdapat 497 kes jenayah yang dialami oleh pejuang hak tanah, peningkatan yang ketara berbanding 2021 daripada 150 kes dan 120 kes pada 2020. – UCA News

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