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Peperiksaan kemasukan kolej yang melelahkan di China

June 7, 2023
in Asia
Peperiksaan kemasukan kolej yang melelahkan di China

Pelajar meninggalkan sekolah selepas tamat peperiksaan pada hari pertama Peperiksaan Masuk Kolej Kebangsaan (NCEE), dikenali sebagai ‘gaokao’ di Beijing pada 7 Jun. (Foto: AFP)

By AFP, Beijing

Jun 7 2023

Berjuta-juta pelajar China menduduki peperiksaan kemasukan kolej yang terkenal sukar pada hari Rabu, yang pertama sejak negara itu menarik balik peraturan sifar-Covid yang memaksa kelas dalam talian selama berbulan-bulan.

Kementerian Pendidikan China berkata rekod hampir 13 juta pelajar didaftarkan untuk mengambil peperiksaan — dikenali sebagai “gaokao” — tahun ini.

“Saya bangun pada pukul 4 pagi setiap hari, kecuali pada hari Ahad, untuk belajar sejak empat tahun lalu,” Jesse Rao, seorang senior sekolah menengah berusia 17 tahun di Shenzhen, memberitahu AFP.

“Saya telah melakukan semua yang saya boleh, tetapi saya masih berasa agak gementar.”

Di Beijing, ibu bapa yang gementar berkumpul di sekeliling dewan peperiksaan ketika anak-anak mereka menunduk, ramai yang memakai pakaian merah untuk nasib baik.

Zhang Jing, seorang ibu berusia empat puluhan, membandingkan dirinya dengan Bai Suzhen, watak dalam cerita rakyat Cina yang terkurung di dalam menara sehingga anaknya melepasi ujian penting.

“Anak saya agak santai, saya rasa saya lebih gementar daripada dia,” kata Jing, memakai ‘qipao’ merah, pakaian tradisional Cina, kepada AFP.

“Saya telah menemani anak saya dan mengajarnya belajar dari darjah satu sekolah rendah hingga tahun satu sekolah menengah,” jelasnya.

“Selepas peperiksaan, saya akan berehat sepenuhnya.”

‘Saya berjuang’

Menguji pelajar sekolah menengah dalam mata pelajaran bahasa Cina, Inggeris, matematik dan sains atau kemanusiaan lain pilihan mereka, peperiksaan adalah penting untuk mendapat tempat yang diidamkan di universiti terkemuka China.

Ramai ibu bapa mengeluarkan ratusan dolar sebulan untuk sekolah tambahan atau mengupah pelajar siswazah untuk duduk bersama anak-anak mereka semasa mereka belajar hingga larut malam.

Tambahan pada tekanan, pelajar yang mengambil peperiksaan tahun ini telah menghabiskan sebahagian besar tahun sekolah menengah mereka di bawah sekatan wabak, yang berakhir secara tiba-tiba pada bulan Disember.

“Saya bergelut untuk mengikuti pelajaran dalam talian tahun lalu,” Katherina Wang, pelajar sekolah menengah dari Shanghai yang telah melalui dua sekatan mendadak dalam dua tahun lalu, memberitahu AFP.

“Guru kami mengadakan kelas tambahan pada waktu petang dan pada hujung minggu dan membantu kami supaya tidak ketinggalan!”

Pertaruhan yang tinggi telah membawa kepada percubaan yang terperinci untuk menipu, daripada ibu bapa yang mengupah pelajar siswazah untuk mengambil ujian bagi pihak anak mereka kepada peserta peperiksaan yang membawa peranti elektronik untuk berkomunikasi dengan pakar di luar.

Beberapa wilayah tahun ini telah memasang pengimbas dengan keupayaan pengecaman muka untuk memastikan calon tidak mengupah proksi untuk mengambil ujian bagi pihak mereka, lapor Global Times yang dikendalikan kerajaan.

Pengimbas juga akan mengesan “peralatan elektronik seperti telefon bimbit (tersembunyi), alat dengar dan jam tangan elektronik” yang boleh digunakan untuk menipu, kata akhbar itu.

‘Saya akan cuba lagi’

Peperiksaan boleh berlangsung sehingga empat hari, bergantung pada wilayah, mengambil masa antara 60 hingga 150 minit setiap mata pelajaran.

Skor maksimum ialah 750, dengan lebih 600 diperlukan untuk tempat di universiti peringkat teratas negara — selama bertahun-tahun tiket untuk kejayaan peribadi dan profesional di China.

Sangat sedikit yang berjaya: Tahun lalu, hanya tiga peratus daripada peserta peperiksaan di wilayah Guangdong yang paling ramai penduduk di negara itu mendapat markah lebih 600.

Dan bagi pelajar yang mempunyai cita-cita yang lebih sederhana, markah masih memainkan peranan penting dalam mendapatkan tempat di universiti dan subjek yang boleh diambil.

Bagi mereka yang tidak mendapat keputusan yang mereka perlukan, sentiasa ada tahun depan — pada 2021, 17 peratus pelajar di seluruh negara mengambil semula gaokao mereka.

“Jika saya tidak mendapat keputusan yang saya inginkan, saya akan cuba lagi,” Benjamin Zhu, seorang senior sekolah menengah dari Guangzhou, memberitahu AFP. – UCA News

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