‘You mean, Jesus wasn’t born in Bethlehem?’

By Myron J. Pereira

Dec 22 2023

Didn’t Pope Benedict XVI start it all by saying that “the ox and the ass” around the manger are “just myths” in his book, Jesus of Nazareth? And didn’t he also say the angels never sang to the shepherds on the hillside?

What the pope wrote wasn‘t anything new. Scripture scholars have been saying this for years. Not just that. There weren’t “three kings” and a “star in the East” either. Not even a meeting with King Herod, or a slaughter of the Innocents.

What next?  With all these ‘changes,’ are we sure whether Jesus was born in Bethlehem? Probably not. As to being born on Dec 25, certainly not!

So what do we believe in the Christmas stories? And how do we believe? What is real? What is the truth? Perhaps the discussion should start here.

All of us today are children of a scientific age, and for us, truth is what we can see (and hear and touch), and what we can measure.

We call this ‘empirical’ truth, that is, facts that can be measured, tested, and verified according to generally accepted criteria. And whenever we read or write a report, we expect that these canons of evidence are followed.

“The truth of the Bible is not history, it is ‘salvation history'”

But the Bible was written in a pre-scientific age, and to apply such modern criteria to it lands us into problems.

The language of the Bible is not empirical, it is metaphor and symbol. Or to use a much-abused word, it is a myth. The Bible is not so much concerned with the facts, as it is with the meaning of these facts.  

Put in other words, the truth of the Bible is not history, it is “salvation history.”

Salvation history is what goes on within us — while outwardly we grow, develop, age, and die. Our public image may be one of success or failure, triumph or disaster. But it is within the “human heart” unseen and unnoticed, that the real struggle goes on. It is here that we encounter the truth of our lives.

God’s word is addressed to this heart. The Bible speaks to our hearts, not to our faces. And its words are metaphorical, not mathematical.

Myth and symbol don’t just record the event, they probe the meaning of the event. When we say “we believe,” we give meaning to what we say, for faith gives meaning.

All mythology dips into our reserves of faith. Myth, story-telling, ritual, and drama are ways in which we understand the reality of our lives — or the lives of our heroes, or our demons.

Today “myth” is a bad word. It has come to mean falsehood. But this is incorrect. Myth is just another way of speaking, as true as science and logic, but different.

Today again, we say something that is “symbolic,” meaning that it’s not the “real thing.” Again, how wrong! A symbol, rather, is a truth so close to the bone, that it can’t be expressed in ordinary words, but needs a more imaginative rendering.

But let’s get back to the Christmas stories. If they are symbolic, then what is their deeper meaning?

“Whether Jesus was actually born in Bethlehem or not, is secondary”

Their deeper meaning is that this little child born in a manger is in reality the Savior of the World, the very Son of God. His birth is a divine birth, but not in the fashion of the pagan fables where a heavenly god impregnates a beautiful earthling.

Jesus’ birth is unique.

We are not told how Mary conceives, except in those words of Luke, “the power of the Most High will overshadow you,” a Jewish allusion to God present in the Cloud (shekinah) over the Temple.

In other places, God “speaks” to human beings in “dreams,” as in Matthew (four times), and through “angels” in Luke (three times). In other words, the Infant Jesus is clearly presented as someone divine.

Our modern sensibility keeps asking “But how?” The ancients didn’t ask how, they asked why: Jesus’ name tells us: “God with us” (Emmanuel) will “save his people from their sins” (Jesus).

So whether Jesus was actually born in Bethlehem or not, is secondary. We say that he was “born in Bethlehem” because Bethlehem was David’s birthplace; King David was Israel’s greatest king and the ancestor of the Messiah.

If Jesus is God, if he is king, if his birth had been foretold — then surely he must be gifted with incense and gold, and a star must indicate his birthplace. And as a greater king than Herod, he must also outwit the tyrant in order to fulfill his destiny.

Thus Matthew’s story of the magi is a sort of parable with Old Testament allusions. The Hebrew word for this is midrash, a story that illustrates a scriptural message, and into which the reader can find clues to understand. A midrash is like a cartoon today, which comments on a political situation in a few quick lines, and provokes a flash of understanding.

That is why Pope Benedict tells us not to take the stories literally, in a “linear” fashion, applying the modern criteria of empirical evidence. He asks us not to get lost in the picturesque details, but to read them with a sense of wonder and awe. And then to praise God as Mary and Elizabeth did; and thank him, with Zachary and Simeon, for not having forgotten, for always keeping his promises.

The Christmas stories weren’t written to give us information about Jesus’s birth. They were written to give meaning to our lives of faith, and to capture our imagination with the message that God is always with us (Emmanuel), that we are saved through the child called Jesus/Yeshua, “Yahweh saves.” – UCA News

*The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official editorial position of UCA News.