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Home Bahasa Melayu

Halangan-halangan yang menggagalkan perkahwinan

July 16, 2025
in Bahasa Melayu, Local, News
Umat khusyuk mendengar ceramah dalam Seminar Tribunal Perkahwinan

Oleh Alicia Dora Paul

LAZIMNYA di dalam Gereja Katolik, sebelum pasangan melangsungkan perkahwinan, mereka diwajibkan untuk mengikuti kursus pra-perkahwinan terlebih dahulu. Selepas itu, pasangan tersebut akan membuat temujanji dengan paderi dan melalui proses temuduga secara berasingan.

Paderi akan menilai pasangan tersebut sama ada mereka benar-benar sudah bersedia untuk menerima Sakramen Perkahwinan atau pun perkahwinan tersebut gagal atas halangan-halangan nyata dan tidak nyata.

Dalam Seminar Tribunal Perkahwinan pada 2 Jun 2025 di St Catherine, Inanam, Fr Jeffri Gumu telah berkongsi akan 12 halangan-halangan nyata yang menggagalkan perkahwinan menurut Hukum Kanun Gereja Katolik:

  1. Kan. 1083 § 1: Menurut undang-undang Gereja Katolik, seluruh dunia mewajibkan seorang lelaki mestilah berumur genap 16 tahun dan perempuan genap 14 tahun barulah dapat melangsungkan perkahwinan yang sah. Tetapi, mengikut undang-undang sivil Malaysia seseorang mestilah genap berumur 21 tahun dan ke atas untuk berkahwin secara sah.
  2. Kan. 1084 § 1: Mati pucuk (impotensi) untuk melakukan persetubuhan yang mendahului (antecedens) perkahwinan dan bersifat tetap (perpetual), sama ada dari pihak lelaki atau perempuan, bersifat mutlak atau relatif boleh menyebabkan perkahwinan adalah tidak sah.
  3. Kan. 1085 § 1: Tidak sah perkahwinan yang cuba dilangsungkan oleh orang yang terikat dengan perkahwinan sebelumnya, meskipun perkahwinan itu belum melakukan hubungan seks (consummatum). Kan. 1085 § 2: Meskipun perkahwinan yang terdahulu tidak sah atau telah diputuskan atas alasan apapun, seseorang tidak boleh melangsungkan perkahwinan selagi belum ada penjelasan secara sah dan pasti mengenai pembatalan perkahwinan terdahulu dan keputusan daripada Tribunal.
  4. Kan. 1086 § 1: Perkahwinan antara dua orang, yang di antaranya satu telah dibaptis dalam Gereja Katolik atau diterima di dalamnya dan tidak meninggalkannya dengan tindakan formal, sedangkan yang lain tidak dibaptis, adalah tidak sah.
  5. Kan. 1087: Tidak sah perkahwinan yang cuba dilangsungkan oleh mereka yang telah menerima Sakramen Imamat.
  6. Kan. 1088: Tidak sah perkahwinan yang cuba dilangsungkan oleh mereka yang terikat kaul kekal dalam suatu komuniti religius.
  7. Kan. 1089: Antara lelaki atau perempuan yang diculiknya atau sekurang-kurangnya ditahan dengan maksud untuk dinikahi, tidak dapat ada perkahwinan, kecuali bila kemudian setelah perempuan itu dipisahkan dari penculiknya serta berada di tempat yang aman dan bebas, dengan kemahuannya sendiri memilih perkahwinan itu.
  8. Kan. 1090 § 1: Tidak sah perkahwinan yang cuba dilangsungkan oleh orang yang dengan maksud untuk menikahi orang tertentu melakukan pembunuhan terhadap pasangan orang itu atau terhadap pasangannya sendiri. Kan. 1090 § 2: Juga tidak sahlah perkahwinan yang cuba dilangsungkan antara mereka yang dengan kerja sama fizik atau moral melakukan pembunuhan terhadap salah satu dari pasangan itu.
  9. Kan. 1091 § 1: Tidak sah perkahwinan antara mereka semua yang mempunyai hubungan darah dalam garis keturunan ke atas dan ke bawah, baik yang sah mahupun yang natural (contohnya adik-beradik dan sepupu pertama). Kan. 1091 § 2: Dalam garis keturunan menyamping, perkahwinan adalah tidak sah sampai tingkat yang keempat. Kan. 1091 § 4: Perkahwinan tidak pernah diizinkan, jika ada keraguan berkaitan pihak-pihak yang bersangkutan masih berhubungan darah dalam salah satu garis lurus atau dalam garis menyamping tingkat kedua.
  10. Kan. 1092: Hubungan affinity (persaudaraan perkahwinan) dalam garis lurus menggagalkan perkahwinan dalam tingkat mana pun. Maksudnya, apabila seorang lelaki berkahwin dengan seorang perempuan, maka semua adik-beradik perempuan itu adalah saudara satu darah dan perkahwinan adalah tidak diperbolehkan.
  11. Kan. 1093: Perkahwinan sembunyi (contohnya antara sepupu) juga tidak sah di dalam Gereja .
  12. Kan. 1094: Tidak dapat menikah satu sama lain dengan sah mereka yang mempunyai pertalian hukum yang timbul dari adopsi dalam garis lurus atau garis menyamping tingkat kedua.
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